Alloy 405，Monel 405 Fittings，UNS N04405，EFORU

British Specs:，American Specs:AMS 4674 Bar and Forgings AMS 7234 QQ-N-281 MIL-N-894，German Specs:

### **Alloy 405 / Monel 405 Fittings (UNS N04405) - Product Introduction** **Overview** **Alloy 405** (Monel 405) is a free-machining nickel-copper alloy specifically engineered with controlled sulfur content to provide superior machinability while maintaining good corrosion resistance. **Monel 405 Fittings** are precision-manufactured components designed for piping systems where both excellent machining characteristics and corrosion resistance are required. These fittings maintain the fundamental properties of Monel 405 while offering enhanced manufacturability for complex fitting geometries. The UNS **N04405** designation ensures consistent material quality with optimized machining performance. Monel 405 fittings are particularly valuable in applications requiring custom machining, modification, or where complex fitting designs demand extensive machining operations. --- ### **Chemical Composition** | Element | Content (%) | | :--- | :--- | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 63.0 (Minimum) | | **Copper (Cu)** | 28.0 - 34.0 | | **Iron (Fe)** | 2.5 (Maximum) | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 2.0 (Maximum) | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.3 (Maximum) | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.5 (Maximum) | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.025 - 0.060 | **Key Feature:** The controlled sulfur addition (0.025-0.060%) significantly improves machinability by approximately 50% compared to standard Monel 400, facilitating the production of complex fitting geometries while maintaining adequate corrosion resistance. --- ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Value | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 8.80 g/cm³ (0.318 lb/in³) | | **Melting Point** | 1350 °C (2460 °F) | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 51 μΩ·cm at 20°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 22 W/m·K at 20°C | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient** | 13.9 μm/m·°C (20-100°C) | | **Magnetic Permeability** | Essentially non-magnetic | --- ### **Mechanical Properties** Typical mechanical properties for Monel 405 fittings: | Condition | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (Brinell) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Annealed** | 550-690 MPa (80-100 ksi) | 240-380 MPa (35-55 ksi) | 35-45 | 130-150 | | **As-Fabricated** | 580-720 MPa (84-104 ksi) | 280-420 MPa (41-61 ksi) | 30-40 | 140-160 | **Machinability Rating:** 30% (Compared to 20% for Monel 400) --- ### **International Standards** | Standard Organization | Standard Number | Specification | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **ASTM** | ASTM B366 | Factory-Made Wrought Nickel Alloy Fittings | | **ASME** | B16.11 | Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded | | **ASME** | SB-366 | Specification for Factory-Made Wrought Nickel Alloy Fittings | | **MSS** | SP-43 | Wrought Stainless Steel Fittings | | **DIN** | 2.4362 | NiCu30FeS | | **UNS** | N04405 | Alloy 405 | --- ### **Product Specifications** **Fitting Types Available:** - **Elbows:** 45°, 90°, 180° - **Tees:** Equal and Reducing - **Reducers:** Concentric and Eccentric - **Couplings** - **Unions** - **Caps** - **Bushings** - **Crosses** - **Nipples** **Pressure Ratings:** - Socket-Weld: 2000-6000 PSI - Threaded: 1500-3000 PSI - Buttweld: Schedule 40, 80, 160 **Size Range:** - Socket-Weld: 1/8" to 4" NPS - Threaded: 1/8" to 2" NPS - Buttweld: 1/2" to 24" NPS --- ### **Manufacturing Processes** **Primary Manufacturing Methods:** - Hot forging - Cold forming - Machining from bar stock - Investment casting (for complex shapes) - Precision machining **Quality Control:** - Dimensional verification - Pressure testing - Material certification - Surface inspection - Non-destructive testing (as required) --- ### **Product Applications** **Chemical Processing:** - Acid handling systems - Chemical transfer lines - Reactor feed systems - Process instrumentation lines - Corrosive fluid handling systems **Marine and Offshore:** - Seawater piping systems - Ballast system connections - Shipboard plumbing - Offshore platform piping - Desalination plant fittings **Oil and Gas Industry:** - Production platform piping - Refinery process lines - Chemical injection systems - Instrumentation connections - Utility service fittings **Power Generation:** - Feedwater systems - Cooling water piping - Chemical treatment lines - Auxiliary system piping - Heat exchanger connections **Special Applications:** - Pharmaceutical processing - Food and beverage industry - Semiconductor manufacturing - Pollution control systems - Research and development --- ### **Machining Advantages** **Superior Machinability:** - Excellent chip formation - short, broken chips - Good surface finish in machining operations - Reduced tool wear compared to Monel 400 - Higher machining speeds achievable - Suitable for complex machining operations **Recommended Machining Parameters:** - **Turning Speed:** 40-70 SFM - **Drilling Speed:** 30-50 SFM - **Feed Rates:** 0.005-0.015 inches per revolution - **Tool Material:** Carbide with positive rake angles - **Coolant:** Water-soluble oils recommended --- ### **Installation and Joining** **Welding Considerations:** - **Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW):** Preferred method - **Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW):** Suitable with proper electrodes - **Filler Metal:** Monel 60 or ENiCu-7 - **Pre-heat:** Generally not required - **Post-weld Heat Treatment:** Optional for stress relief **Threaded Connections:** - Excellent thread formation - Good galling resistance - Suitable for NPT and BSPT threads - Proper thread sealing recommended --- ### **Key Advantages** - **Enhanced Machinability:** 50% better machining characteristics than Monel 400 - **Good Corrosion Resistance:** Suitable for seawater, acids, and alkaline solutions - **Economic Production:** Reduced machining costs for complex fitting geometries - **Non-Magnetic Properties:** Essential for sensitive electronic environments - **Temperature Versatility:** Serviceable from cryogenic to 400°C (750°F) - **Easy Field Modification:** Ideal for applications requiring on-site adjustments - **Consistent Performance:** Reliable service in corrosive environments **Design Considerations:** - Not recommended for high-temperature oxidizing applications above 400°C - Welding requires special procedures due to sulfur content - Optimal for systems requiring frequent modifications or custom fittings - Suitable for most corrosive services except highly oxidizing conditions --- ### **Quality Assurance** **Testing and Certification:** - Hydrostatic testing - Pneumatic testing - Material certification - Dimensional verification - Surface finish inspection - Traceability documentation **Certification Standards:** - ASTM B366 requirements - ASME Section VIII - PED 2014/68/EU - NACE MR0175 (where applicable) Monel 405 Fittings (UNS N04405) provide an optimal balance between superior machinability and good corrosion resistance for piping systems requiring extensive fabrication, modification, or custom installation. Their enhanced machining characteristics make them particularly valuable for applications where complex fitting geometries, field modifications, or custom configurations are required, while maintaining reliable performance in corrosive service environments across chemical processing, marine, oil and gas, and general industrial sectors.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1684 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.