Kovar,Nilo-K Forgings,UNS K94610,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs: ASTM F15 ASTM F26 AMS 7726 Wire AMS 7727 Bar and Forgings AMS 7728 Sheet, Strip and Plate MIL-I-23011 Class 1，German Specs:WS 1.3981,AFNOR NF A54-301

**Technical Data Sheet: Kovar® / Nilo-K Forgings (UNS K94610)** **1.0 Product Overview** Kovar Forgings (also known as Nilo-K Forgings), designated as **UNS K94610**, are high-integrity components produced through controlled forging processes from nickel‑cobalt‑iron controlled expansion alloy. The forging process enhances the material's mechanical properties and structural reliability, making these components ideal for critical applications requiring precise thermal expansion matching with glass and ceramics, combined with superior strength and fatigue resistance. --- **2.0 Chemical Composition (wt%)** | Element | Content (%) | Primary Function | |---------|-------------|------------------| | **Ni** | 28.5–29.5 | Controls thermal expansion characteristics | | **Co** | 16.8–17.8 | Fine-tunes expansion match with glass/ceramics | | **Fe** | Balance | Base element | | **Mn** | 0.20–0.50 | Deoxidizer and improves forgeability | | **Si** | 0.10–0.30 | Deoxidizer and enhances fluidity | | **C** | ≤ 0.02 | Minimizes carbide formation | | **Al** | ≤ 0.05 | Deoxidizer | | **P** | ≤ 0.02 | Impurity control | | **S** | ≤ 0.02 | Impurity control | --- **3.0 Physical Properties** | Property | Value (Metric) | Value (Imperial) | Condition | |----------|----------------|------------------|-----------| | Density | 8.36 g/cm³ | 0.302 lb/in³ | 20°C | | Melting Range | 1440–1460°C | 2624–2660°F | – | | Thermal Conductivity | 17.3 W/m·K | 120 Btu·in/(hr·ft²·°F) | 20°C | | Mean CTE (30–400°C) | 5.1 ×10⁻⁶/°C | 2.8 ×10⁻⁶/°F | Matching borosilicate glass | | Electrical Resistivity | 0.49 μΩ·m | 19.0 μΩ·in | 20°C | | Modulus of Elasticity | 141 GPa | 20.4 ×10⁶ psi | 20°C | | Curie Temperature | 435°C | 815°F | – | | Specific Heat | 0.46 J/g·°C | 0.11 Btu/lb·°F | 20°C | --- **4.0 Mechanical Properties** **4.1 Typical Forging Properties (Annealed)** - **Tensile Strength**: 550–620 MPa (80–90 ksi) - **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)**: 380–450 MPa (55–65 ksi) - **Elongation**: 22–32% - **Reduction in Area**: 40–55% - **Hardness**: 75–90 HRB - **Impact Strength**: 45–65 J (33–48 ft-lb) **4.2 Enhanced Forging Characteristics** - 15–20% higher tensile strength than cast forms - Improved fatigue life and crack resistance - Better grain structure and directional properties - Superior structural integrity for critical applications --- **5.0 Forging Processes** **5.1 Manufacturing Methods** - **Open Die Forgings**: For large, simple shapes - **Closed Die Forgings**: For complex, near-net shapes - **Press Forgings**: For controlled deformation rates - **Ring Rolled Forgings**: For circular components **5.2 Forging Temperature Range** - **Heating Temperature**: 1150–1200°C (2100–2190°F) - **Forging Temperature**: 1050–1150°C (1920–2100°F) - **Minimum Forging Temperature**: 950°C (1740°F) --- **6.0 Applications** **6.1 High-Reliability Electronic Packaging** - Microwave tube mounting flanges - Power semiconductor bases - Laser housing components - X-ray tube structural members - High-vacuum system flanges **6.2 Aerospace & Defense Components** - Satellite structural fittings - Radar waveguide supports - Gyroscope housing components - Avionics mounting brackets - Missile guidance system parts **6.3 Scientific & Research Equipment** - Particle accelerator components - Nuclear research instrument frames - Telescope mounting structures - High-precision instrument bases - Vacuum chamber access ports --- **7.0 Heat Treatment** **7.1 Solution Annealing** - **Temperature**: 850–900°C (1560–1650°F) - **Atmosphere**: Hydrogen or vacuum required - **Time**: 60–120 minutes (depending on section size) - **Cooling**: Rapid cool to 400°C, then air cool **7.2 Stress Relieving** - **Temperature**: 425–540°C (800–1000°F) - **Time**: 90–180 minutes - **Atmosphere**: Protective atmosphere recommended --- **8.0 International Standards & Specifications** | Standard | Organization | Description | |----------|--------------|-------------| | **ASTM F15** | ASTM | Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Sealing Alloy | | **AMS 7724** | SAE | Bars, Forgings, and Extrusions | | **ASME SB-649** | ASME | Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy | | **UNS K94610** | ASTM | Unified Numbering System | | **DIN 1.3981** | DIN | German Material Number | | **MIL-I-23011** | U.S. Military | Sealing Alloys | --- **9.0 Design Advantages** **9.1 Mechanical Superiority** - Enhanced grain flow for improved fatigue strength - Reduced porosity and internal defects - Better impact and shock resistance - Superior directional mechanical properties **9.2 Economic Benefits** - Reduced material waste compared to machining - Near-net shape capabilities - Improved production yield for complex parts - Lower total lifecycle cost --- **10.0 Machining & Fabrication** **10.1 Machining Guidelines** - Good machinability in annealed condition - Use carbide tools with positive rake angles - Recommended speed: 25–40 m/min - Use soluble oil coolants for optimal finish - Stress relieve after heavy machining **10.2 Welding Characteristics** - Excellent weldability using GTAW process - Pre-heat to 200–300°C for thick sections - Use matching composition filler wire - Post-weld heat treatment required --- **11.0 Quality Assurance** **11.1 Testing & Certification** - **Ultrasonic Testing**: Per ASTM A388 for internal quality - **Liquid Penetrant Inspection**: Per ASTM E165 - **Mechanical Testing**: From representative prolongations - **Metallurgical Examination**: Grain size and structure - **Certification**: EN 10204 3.2 with full traceability **11.2 Forgings Classification** - **Class I**: Standard quality, visual inspection - **Class II**: Improved quality, limited NDT - **Class III**: High quality, extensive NDT - **Class IV**: Premium quality, full NDT and testing --- **12.0 Performance Benefits** **12.1 Enhanced Properties** - Superior low-cycle fatigue performance - Improved stress rupture properties - Better creep resistance at elevated temperatures - Enhanced fracture toughness **12.2 Reliability Features** - Reduced inspection requirements for critical applications - Consistent quality and predictable performance - Extended service life in demanding environments - Proven reliability in mission-critical applications Kovar/Nilo-K Forgings (UNS K94610) represent the highest quality product form of this controlled expansion alloy, offering enhanced mechanical properties and superior structural reliability for the most demanding applications. The forging process optimizes the material's inherent characteristics, providing components with improved strength, better fatigue resistance, and enhanced performance in critical electronic, aerospace, and scientific applications where failure is not an option.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2374 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.