Invar 36,Alloy 36 Rod,UNS K93600,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs: ASTM F1684 MIL-S-16598 Tooling plate ASTM B388 Sheet & strip ASTM B753 K93050 Free-cut Invar，German Specs:WS 1.3912

### **Technical Data Sheet: Invar 36 / Alloy 36 Rod (UNS K93600)** #### **1.0 Product Overview** Invar 36 Rod (also known as Alloy 36 Rod), designated as **UNS K93600**, is a nickel‑iron controlled expansion alloy supplied in rod form. This specialized product maintains an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion at room temperature, making it ideal for machining precision components requiring exceptional dimensional stability across temperature variations in instruments, aerospace systems, and scientific equipment. --- #### **2.0 Chemical Composition (wt%)** | Element | Content (%) | Function | |---------|-------------|----------| | **Ni** | 35.0–37.0 | Primary control of thermal expansion | | **Fe** | Balance | Base element | | **Mn** | 0.35–0.65 | Deoxidizer and improves workability | | **Si** | 0.20–0.40 | Deoxidizer and enhances machinability | | **C** | ≤ 0.05 | Impurity control | | **P** | ≤ 0.025 | Impurity control | | **S** | ≤ 0.025 | Impurity control | --- #### **3.0 Physical Properties** | Property | Value (Metric) | Value (Imperial) | Condition | |----------|----------------|------------------|-----------| | Density | 8.11 g/cm³ | 0.293 lb/in³ | 20°C | | Melting Point | 1427°C | 2600°F | – | | Thermal Conductivity | 10.5 W/m·K | 72.7 Btu·in/(hr·ft²·°F) | 20°C | | Mean CTE | 1.3 ×10⁻⁶/°C | 0.72 ×10⁻⁶/°F | 20–100°C | | Electrical Resistivity | 0.82 μΩ·m | 31.8 μΩ·in | 20°C | | Modulus of Elasticity | 141 GPa | 20.5 ×10⁶ psi | 20°C | | Curie Temperature | 230°C | 446°F | – | | Specific Heat | 0.52 J/g·°C | 0.124 Btu/lb·°F | 20°C | --- #### **4.0 Mechanical Properties** **4.1 Annealed Condition (Typical)** - **Tensile Strength**: 448–552 MPa (65–80 ksi) - **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)**: 276–345 MPa (40–50 ksi) - **Elongation**: 30–40% - **Reduction in Area**: 65–75% - **Hardness**: 65–80 HRB - **Modulus of Elasticity**: 141 GPa (20.5 ×10⁶ psi) **4.2 Cold Drawn Condition** - **Tensile Strength**: 620–758 MPa (90–110 ksi) - **Yield Strength**: 550–690 MPa (80–100 ksi) - **Elongation**: 15–25% - **Hardness**: 85–100 HRB --- #### **5.0 Product Specifications** **5.1 Standard Rod Sizes** - **Diameter Range**: 1.0 mm to 150 mm (0.040" to 6.0") - **Length**: 1000 mm to 3000 mm (39" to 118") - **Diameter Tolerance**: h9 for precision applications - **Straightness**: 1 mm per 300 mm maximum - **Surface Finish**: Centerless ground, turned, or as-drawn **5.2 Available Conditions** - Annealed (soft condition) - optimal for machining - Centerless ground - precise dimensions - Cold drawn - improved surface finish - Turned and polished - special applications --- #### **6.0 Manufacturing Processes** **6.1 Production Methods** - Hot rolling from forged billets - Cold drawing for improved surface finish - Centerless grinding for tight tolerances - Annealing in controlled atmosphere **6.2 Quality Control** - Ultrasonic testing for internal quality - Dimensional verification - Surface quality inspection - Mechanical property testing --- #### **7.0 Heat Treatment** **7.1 Stress Relieving** - **Temperature**: 425–540°C (800–1000°F) - **Time**: 1–2 hours - **Cooling**: Air cool - **Application**: Recommended after heavy machining **7.2 Annealing** - **Temperature**: 790–870°C (1450–1600°F) - **Time**: 30–60 minutes - **Cooling**: Air cool or faster - **Purpose**: Recrystallization and softening --- #### **8.0 Applications** **8.1 Precision Instrumentation** - Surveying instrument shafts - Laser system mounting rods - Optical bench components - Metrology equipment parts - Watch and clock components **8.2 Aerospace & Defense** - Satellite structural members - Aircraft control system components - Radar waveguide supports - Gyroscope frames - Aerospace instrument parts **8.3 Scientific & Industrial** - Cryogenic equipment components - Scientific instrument frames - Mold bases for composites - Measuring machine components - Laboratory equipment parts --- #### **9.0 International Standards** | Standard | Organization | Description | |----------|--------------|-------------| | **ASTM F1684** | ASTM | Iron-Nickel Alloys for Low Thermal Expansion | | **AMS 7725** | SAE | Bars, Forgings, and Rings | | **UNS K93600** | ASTM | Unified Numbering System | | **DIN 1.3912** | DIN | German Material Number | | **JIS CCMA 8** | JIS | Japanese Industrial Standard | | **GB 4J36** | China | Chinese National Standard | --- #### **10.0 Machining & Fabrication** **10.1 Machining Guidelines** - Good machinability in annealed condition - Use carbide tools with positive rake angles - Recommended cutting speed: 25–40 m/min - Use soluble oil coolants for optimal finish - Moderate work hardening tendency **10.2 Turning Operations** - **Roughing**: Depth of cut 2–4 mm, feed 0.2–0.4 mm/rev - **Finishing**: Depth of cut 0.5–1.0 mm, feed 0.1–0.2 mm/rev - **Surface Speed**: 30–45 m/min for carbide tools **10.3 Drilling & Tapping** - Use HSS or carbide drills with 118° point angle - Peck drilling recommended for deep holes - Tapping requires sharp taps with adequate clearance --- #### **11.0 Performance Characteristics** **11.1 Thermal Expansion Performance** - Exceptionally low CTE around room temperature - Minimal dimensional changes with temperature fluctuations - Stable performance in varying thermal environments - Excellent for precision applications requiring thermal stability **11.2 Special Features** - Maintains dimensional stability from cryogenic to elevated temperatures - Good strength and toughness at low temperatures - Excellent fatigue resistance - Reliable long-term performance --- #### **12.0 Quality Assurance** **12.1 Testing & Certification** - Chemical composition analysis - Thermal expansion coefficient verification - Mechanical property testing - Ultrasonic testing for critical applications - Dimensional accuracy certification **12.2 Documentation** - Mill Test Certificates per EN 10204 3.1 - Full material traceability - Heat treatment records - Compliance with customer specifications --- Invar 36/Alloy 36 Rod (UNS K93600) provides manufacturers with a versatile raw material for producing precision components that require exceptional dimensional stability across temperature variations. The rod form enables cost-effective production of complex parts through machining while maintaining the unique near-zero thermal expansion properties essential for reliable performance in demanding precision instrument, aerospace, and scientific applications.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2392 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.