Alloy 46,Glass sealing 46 Alloy ,UNS K94600,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs: ASTM F30，German Specs:

**PRODUCT DATASHEET: ALLOY 46 / GLASS SEALING 46 ALLOY** **UNS K94600 - Controlled Expansion Nickel-Iron Alloy** --- ### **1. OVERVIEW** **Alloy 46**, commercially known as **Glass Sealing 46 Alloy**, is a precision **nickel-iron alloy** containing **46% nickel** specifically engineered for **matched glass-to-metal sealing** applications. This alloy exhibits a **controlled coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)** that closely matches various types of **soda-lime and lead-alkali glasses**, making it indispensable for creating reliable hermetic seals in electronic and electrical components. The alloy is registered under the Unified Numbering System as **UNS K94600**. --- ### **2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (Weight %)** | Element | Alloy 46 Specification | UNS K94600 Requirements | |------------------|------------------------|-------------------------| | **Nickel (Ni)** | 45.5 – 46.5% | 45.5 – 46.5% | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | | **Manganese (Mn)**| 0.30 – 0.70% | ≤ 0.70% | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 – 0.30% | ≤ 0.30% | | **Carbon (C)** | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.05% | | **Chromium (Cr)**| ≤ 0.15% | ≤ 0.15% | | **Copper (Cu)** | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.05% | | **Aluminum (Al)**| ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.05% | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.015% | ≤ 0.015% | | **Phosphorus (P)**| ≤ 0.015% | ≤ 0.015% | --- ### **3. PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES** | Property | Typical Value (Annealed Condition) | |---------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 7.5 – 8.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20–300°C) | | **Density** | 8.22 g/cm³ | | **Melting Point** | 1430 – 1460°C | | **Tensile Strength** | 580 – 680 MPa | | **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)**| 340 – 440 MPa | | **Elongation (in 2")** | 25 – 35% | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 152 GPa | | **Hardness (Rockwell B)** | 78 – 92 HRB | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.85 μΩ·m | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 15.5 W/m·K | | **Curie Temperature** | 400°C | | **Magnetic Permeability** | < 180 (at 200 Oe) | --- ### **4. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS & EQUIVALENTS** | Standard Organization | Designation & Specification | |-----------------------|----------------------------| | **UNS** | K94600 | | **ASTM** | F30 (Alloy 46) | | **EN (European)** | 1.3982 (Ni46Fe) | | **ISO** | NiFe46 | | **JIS (Japan)** | C46N | | **GB (China)** | 4J46 | | **DIN (Germany)** | Ni46 | --- ### **5. THERMAL EXPANSION CHARACTERISTICS** #### **CTE vs Temperature Range** - **20–100°C**: 7.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C - **20–200°C**: 8.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C - **20–300°C**: 8.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C - **20–400°C**: 10.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C #### **Glass Sealing Compatibility** - **Soda-Lime Glass**: Excellent match (8.5–9.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C) - **Lead-Alkali Glass**: Very good match (8.8–9.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C) - **Borosilicate Glass**: Acceptable for certain types - **Special Sealing Glasses**: Custom matching available --- ### **6. PRODUCT APPLICATIONS** #### **6.1 Electronics & Electrical Components** - **Vacuum Tube Components**: Base pins and lead wires - **Relay and Switch Parts**: Hermetic sealing elements - **Connector Components**: Glass-sealed connectors - **Fuse Bodies**: Electrical fuse enclosures #### **6.2 Semiconductor & Microelectronics** - **Diode Packages**: Glass-passivated devices - **Transistor Housings**: Glass-sealed enclosures - **IC Packages**: Hermetic integrated circuit packages - **Sensor Housings**: Glass-sealed sensor packages #### **6.3 Automotive Electronics** - **Ignition Components**: Spark plug and ignition parts - **Sensor Packages**: Automotive sensor housings - **Control Module Components**: Engine control units - **Lighting Components**: Specialized lighting elements #### **6.4 Consumer Electronics** - **Lighting Products**: Incandescent and halogen lamps - **Display Components**: Vacuum display elements - **Audio Equipment**: Tube amplifier components - **Power Devices**: Power electronic packages --- ### **7. AVAILABLE PRODUCT FORMS** - **Wire**: 0.05 mm to 6.0 mm diameter (lead wires, pins) - **Rod & Bar**: 3.0 mm to 100 mm diameter (sealing studs) - **Strip & Sheet**: 0.05 mm to 6.0 mm thickness (stamped parts) - **Tube**: Seamless and welded configurations - **Custom Forms**: Precision stamped and formed parts --- ### **8. GLASS SEALING CHARACTERISTICS** #### **8.1 Sealing Process Compatibility** - **Oxidation Requirements**: Pre-oxidation for proper glass adhesion - **Sealing Temperature**: 800–1000°C depending on glass type - **Atmosphere Control**: Controlled atmosphere recommended - **Thermal Cycling**: Excellent seal integrity maintenance #### **8.2 Surface Preparation** - **Cleaning**: Essential for proper glass wetting - **Oxidation Control**: Critical for seal quality - **Surface Finish**: Optimized for glass adhesion - **Quality Verification**: Seal integrity testing --- ### **9. FABRICATION CHARACTERISTICS** #### **9.1 Machining** - **Machinability**: 30% (compared to free-cutting brass at 100%) - **Recommended Tools**: Carbide with positive rake angles - **Cutting Speed**: 35-60 m/min for turning operations - **Surface Finish**: Good with proper techniques #### **9.2 Forming** - **Deep Drawing**: Good in annealed condition - **Bend Radius**: Minimum 1.5× material thickness - **Springback**: Predictable and consistent - **Work Hardening**: Moderate rate #### **9.3 Heat Treatment** - **Annealing**: 850–950°C followed by controlled cooling - **Stress Relieving**: 600–700°C for 1–2 hours - **Oxidation Treatment**: Special treatments for sealing applications - **Atmosphere**: Protective atmosphere required --- ### **10. QUALITY ASSURANCE** - **Material Certification**: EN 10204 3.1/3.2 - **Chemical Analysis**: Certified spectrographic analysis - **Mechanical Testing**: Tensile and hardness certification - **Sealing Performance**: Glass sealing qualification tests - **CTE Verification**: Precision dilatometer testing - **Traceability**: Full material history maintained --- ### **11. TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES** - **Perfect Glass Matching**: Optimized CTE for soda-lime and lead-alkali glasses - **Excellent Sealing Reliability**: Proven performance in hermetic applications - **Good Mechanical Properties**: Balanced strength and formability - **Oxidation Control**: Predictable oxide formation for sealing - **Thermal Stability**: Maintains seal integrity through thermal cycling - **Manufacturing Consistency**: Reliable performance in volume production --- **Note:** Alloy 46 requires specific pre-oxidation treatment before glass sealing to ensure proper glass wetting and adhesion. Consultation with our technical team is recommended for optimal sealing parameters and processing guidance for specific glass types and applications. Sealing qualification tests are available for critical applications.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2482 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.