Alloy 46,Glass sealing 46 Alloy Plate,UNS K94600,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs: ASTM F30，German Specs:

### **Alloy 46 (Glass Sealing 46) - Plate Product Overview** **Alloy 46** is a precision iron-nickel controlled expansion alloy specifically designed for making hermetic matched seals with soft glass. The **Plate** form of this material provides a robust, flat substrate for applications requiring large-area glass-to-metal seals or the machining of substantial components where thermal expansion compatibility with glass is critical. * **UNS Designation:** **K94600** * **Common Product Forms:** Plate, Sheet, Strip, Bar, Wire --- #### **1. Chemical Composition** The chemical composition is meticulously controlled to ensure consistent thermal expansion properties essential for reliable glass sealing. | Element | Percentage (%) | Role in the Alloy | |:---|:---|:---| | **Nickel (Ni)** | 45.0 - 47.0 | Primary element controlling thermal expansion coefficient and Curie point | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Forms the base matrix of the alloy | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.10 - 0.30 | Deoxidizer and hot workability enhancer | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.10 - 0.30 | Improves glass wetting characteristics and oxidation resistance | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.05 max | Minimized to prevent embrittlement | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.02 max | Controlled impurity | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.02 max | Controlled impurity | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.20 max | Accidental impurity | --- #### **2. Physical Properties** The physical properties feature a predictable thermal expansion curve that matches soft glass, which is fundamental to its application. | Property | Value / Condition | Notes | |:---|:---|:---| | **Density** | 8.18 g/cm³ (0.295 lb/in³) | | | **Melting Point** | ~1427 °C (2600 °F) | | | **Curie Temperature** | ~430 °C (805 °F) | Critical transition point affecting CTE characteristics | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient (CTE)** | 20-300°C: 9.2-9.8 μm/m·°C
20-450°C: 10.2-10.8 μm/m·°C | Closely matches soft glasses (Corning 0080, 0120, 0010, 9010 series) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 14.9 W/m·K (103 Btu·in/hr·ft²·°F) at 20°C | | | **Specific Heat** | 0.46 J/g·°C (0.11 Btu/lb·°F) at 20°C | | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.49 μΩ·m at 20°C | | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic below Curie temperature | Transitions to paramagnetic above ~430°C | --- #### **3. Mechanical Properties (Typical - Annealed Condition)** Plate material is typically supplied in the annealed condition to facilitate machining and glass sealing operations. * **Tensile Strength:** 510-580 MPa (74-84 ksi) * **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset):** 270-340 MPa (39-49 ksi) * **Elongation:** 30-40% (in 2 inches) * **Modulus of Elasticity:** 152 GPa (22 × 10⁶ psi) * **Hardness (Rockwell B):** 65-80 * **Poisson's Ratio:** 0.29 * **Shear Modulus:** 59 GPa (8.6 × 10⁶ psi) --- #### **4. Product Forms & Specific Applications** **Glass Sealing 46 Alloy Plate** * **Description:** Alloy 46 plate is supplied in thicknesses typically ranging from 5 mm (0.197 in) to 50 mm (2.0 in) or more, with widths up to 1200 mm (48 in). The material features a uniform microstructure and consistent surface quality, often supplied with a descaled or machined surface finish suitable for direct glass sealing operations. * **Primary Applications:** * **Vacuum Chamber Flanges:** Large flat plates are machined into flanges for high-vacuum systems where glass viewports or feedthroughs are sealed directly to the metal surface. * **Electronic Package Bases:** Serves as the foundation substrate for hybrid microcircuits, power electronics, and RF packages where multiple glass-to-metal feedthroughs are required. * **Laser and Optical Component Housings:** Provides stable, thermally compatible mounting surfaces for optical elements in laser systems and scientific instruments. * **Power Tube Headers:** Machined into complex components that support multiple electrode assemblies while providing hermetic glass seals in high-power electronic tubes. * **Specialized Laboratory Equipment:** Used in chemical and analytical equipment where corrosion resistance and glass compatibility are required. * **Microwave Tube Components:** Forms critical parts in magnetrons and klystrons where precise glass sealing is essential for maintaining vacuum integrity. --- #### **5. International Standards** Alloy 46 Plate conforms to established international standards for glass sealing alloys. | Standard Type | Standard Number | Title / Specification | |:---|:---|:---| | **ASTM** | **ASTM F15** | Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel Sealing Alloys | | **ASTM** | ASTM F30 | Specification for Iron-Nickel Alloys in Preoxidized Condition | | **AMS** | AMS 7721 | Brazing Alloy, Iron-Nickel, 46Ni-54Fe | | **IEC** | IEC 60404-8-6 | Metallic Magnetic Materials - Soft Magnetic Metallic Materials | | **UNS** | **K94600** | Unified Numbering System Designation | | **DIN** | DIN 1745 | Metallic Materials for Glass-to-Metal Seals | --- #### **6. Manufacturing & Processing Notes** * **Machining:** Can be readily machined using high-speed steel or carbide tools with positive rake angles and adequate cooling * **Heat Treatment:** Typically supplied in annealed condition; stress relief at 650-750°C recommended after heavy machining * **Glass Sealing:** Requires surface preparation (often copper plating or controlled oxidation) and controlled thermal cycling during sealing process * **Welding:** Can be welded using TIG or resistance methods, but thermal affected zone may require re-annealing for optimal sealing performance * **Forming:** Good cold forming characteristics in annealed condition; may require intermediate annealing for severe deformation --- **Summary** **Alloy 46 (UNS K94600) Plate** provides a versatile and reliable solution for applications requiring flat, substantial glass-to-metal seals. Its precisely controlled thermal expansion properties, which closely match those of soft glass, combined with excellent machinability and consistent performance, make it indispensable for vacuum systems, electronic packaging, and specialized industrial equipment. Compliance with **ASTM F15** and related international standards ensures material quality and performance consistency for critical sealing applications where hermetic integrity and thermal cycle reliability are paramount.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2487 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.