Alloy 401,Monel 401 ,,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs:，German Specs:

**Technical Datasheet: Monel® 401 (UNS N04401)** --- ### **Overview** Monel® 401 (UNS N04401) is a nickel-copper alloy specifically designed for specialized electrical and electronic applications. This alloy offers a unique combination of controlled thermal expansion characteristics, excellent electrical conductivity, and good corrosion resistance, making it particularly suitable for applications requiring precise thermal and electrical properties. --- ### **Chemical Composition (Weight %)** | Element | Content (%) | Role | |---------|-------------|------| | Nickel (Ni) | 40.0-45.0 | Base element, provides matrix | | Copper (Cu) | Balance (~52-57) | Electrical conductivity, strength | | Iron (Fe) | 1.0-2.0 | Strength enhancement | | Manganese (Mn) | 1.5-2.5 | Deoxidizer, hot workability | | Silicon (Si) | 0.1-0.5 | Deoxidizer | | Carbon (C) | 0.1-0.25 | Strength enhancement | | Sulfur (S) | ≤0.015 | Controlled impurity | | Magnesium (Mg) | 0.05-0.20 | Desulfurization, grain refinement | --- ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Value | |----------|-------| | Density | 8.83 g/cm³ (0.319 lb/in³) | | Melting Point | 1300-1350°C (2370-2460°F) | | Thermal Conductivity | 25.2 W/m·K (at 20°C) | | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 14.5 μm/m·°C (20-100°C) | | Specific Heat Capacity | 440 J/kg·K | | Electrical Resistivity | 0.49 μΩ·m | | Modulus of Elasticity | 179 GPa (26 × 10⁶ psi) | | Magnetic Permeability | <1.005 (slightly magnetic when cold worked) | --- ### **Mechanical Properties** **Annealed Condition:** - **Tensile Strength**: 480-550 MPa (70-80 ksi) - **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)**: 170-240 MPa (25-35 ksi) - **Elongation**: 35-45% - **Hardness**: HRB 65-75 **Cold Worked Condition:** - **Tensile Strength**: 620-690 MPa (90-100 ksi) - **Yield Strength**: 480-550 MPa (70-80 ksi) - **Elongation**: 15-25% - **Hardness**: HRB 85-95 --- ### **Special Characteristics** **Thermal Expansion Properties:** - Controlled thermal expansion coefficient - Matches many glass and ceramic materials - Suitable for glass-to-metal seals **Electrical Properties:** - Good electrical conductivity - Low temperature coefficient of resistance - Stable electrical properties over temperature range --- ### **Product Applications** **Electrical & Electronic Components:** - Lead frames and connectors - Resistance welding electrodes - Electrical contacts and springs - Semiconductor packaging - Vacuum tube components **Glass-to-Metal Seals:** - Electronic package seals - Feedthrough terminals - Hermetic seals - Transformer bushings - Capacitor seals **Specialized Applications:** - Thermocouple components - Instrumentation parts - Cryogenic components - Communication equipment - Aerospace electronics **Industrial Applications:** - Chemical processing equipment - Marine engineering components - Heat exchanger parts - Pump and valve components --- ### **Corrosion Resistance** - Good resistance to seawater and marine atmospheres - Excellent resistance to alkaline solutions - Good performance in neutral salt solutions - Moderate resistance to acidic environments - Superior to steel in most corrosive environments --- ### **Fabrication Characteristics** **Machining:** - Good machinability rating - Similar to Monel 400 - Use positive rake angles and sharp tools - Recommended speeds: 20-35 m/min (65-115 SFM) **Welding:** - Good weldability using common processes - GTAW (TIG) and GMAW (MIG) suitable - Use matching filler metals - Post-weld heat treatment generally not required **Forming:** - Good cold and hot working characteristics - Hot working temperature: 850-1150°C (1560-2100°F) - Annealing temperature: 870-980°C (1600-1800°F) --- ### **International Standards** | Standard Organization | Standard Number | Description | |----------------------|-----------------|-------------| | **ASTM** | F96 | Standard Specification for Electronic Grade Alloys | | **ASTM** | B164 | Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and Wire | | **ASME** | SB-164 | Code-approved version | | **SAE** | AMS 7232 | Electronic Components, Glass Sealing | | **UNS** | N04401 | Unified Numbering System | | **DIN** | 2.4360 | Material Number 2.4360 | | **ISO** | 6208 | Wrought nickel and nickel alloys | --- ### **Available Product Forms** - Rod and Bar - Wire and Strip - Sheet and Plate - Tubing - Custom shapes and components --- ### **Quality Assurance** - Chemical composition certification - Mechanical property testing - Electrical property verification - Dimensional inspection - Special testing for electronic applications - EN 10204 3.1/3.2 certification available --- ### **Key Advantages** 1. **Controlled thermal expansion** for glass-to-metal seals 2. **Good electrical conductivity** for electronic applications 3. **Excellent corrosion resistance** in various environments 4. **Good mechanical properties** at room and elevated temperatures 5. **Reliable performance** in specialized applications --- **Notes:** - "Monel" is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation - Special handling required for electronic grade material - Consult technical experts for specific application requirements - Properties may vary with processing and heat treatment *For detailed technical assistance and application engineering support, contact materials engineering specialists.*

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2924 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.