Alloy 400，Monel 400 ，UNS N04400，EFORU

British Specs:BS 3072 BS 3073 BS 3074 BS 3075 BS 3076 NA11，American Specs:AMS 4574 Tube AMS 4575 (Tube *) AMS 4675 Bar and Forgings AMS 4730 Wire AMS 4731 Wire and Ribbon AMS 4544 Sheet, Strip and Plate QQ-N-281 ASTM B164，German Specs:

### **Alloy 400 / Monel 400 (UNS N04400) - Product Introduction** **Overview** Alloy 400, commonly known by its trade name **Monel 400**, is a nickel-copper alloy renowned for its exceptional corrosion resistance in a wide range of environments. It offers high strength and toughness over a broad temperature spectrum, from cryogenic levels up to about 540°C (1000°F). Unlike pure nickel alloys, Monel 400 derives its key properties from a nearly two-thirds nickel, one-third copper composition, making it particularly resistant to seawater, acidic and alkaline conditions, and various chemical solutions. The UNS (Unified Numbering System) designation for this alloy is **N04400**. It is a versatile material available in all standard wrought forms, including wire, and is known for its excellent weldability and fabricability. --- ### **Chemical Composition** The chemical composition of Monel 400 is the primary source of its unique properties, combining the corrosion resistance of nickel with the strength of copper. | Element | Content (%) (Typical) | | :--- | :--- | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 63.0 (Minimum) | | **Copper (Cu)** | 28.0 - 34.0 | | **Iron (Fe)** | 2.5 (Maximum) | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 2.0 (Maximum) | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.3 (Maximum) | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.5 (Maximum) | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.024 (Maximum) | **Key Point:** The high nickel-copper ratio provides resistance to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking and excellent performance in reducing and oxidizing environments. --- ### **Physical Properties** Monel 400 exhibits a robust set of physical properties suitable for demanding applications. | Property | Value / Condition | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 8.80 g/cm³ (0.318 lb/in³) | | **Melting Point** | 1350 °C (2460 °F) | | **Electrical Resistivity** | ~51 μΩ·cm at 20°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | ~22 W/m·K at 20°C | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient** | 13.9 μm/m·°C (20-100°C) | | **Magnetic Response** | Essentially non-magnetic at room temperature | --- ### **Mechanical Properties (Typical for Wire)** Mechanical properties vary with the temper (annealed, hard-drawn, etc.). The following are typical ranges for Monel 400 wire. | Temper | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | Elongation (in 2 inches) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Annealed (Soft)** | 550 - 690 MPa (80 - 100 ksi) | 240 - 380 MPa (35 - 55 ksi) | 35 - 45% | | **Hard Drawn** | 690 - 965 MPa (100 - 140 ksi) | 620 - 895 MPa (90 - 130 ksi) | 5 - 25% | --- ### **International Standards** Monel 400 is covered by numerous international standards, ensuring consistent quality and performance across global supply chains. | Standard Organization | Standard Number & Title | Product Form | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **ASTM International** | **ASTM B164** - Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and Wire | Rod, Bar, Wire | | | **ASTM B127** - Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Plate, Sheet, and Strip | Plate, Sheet, Strip | | **ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)** | **SB-164** / **SB-127** | Pressure Vessel Components | | **SAE (AMS)** | **AMS 4575** (Wire) | Wire | | **UNS** | **N04400** | All Forms | | **DIN** | **DIN 17743** / **NiCu30Fe** (Material No. 2.4360) | All Forms | | **EN (Euronorm)** | **EN 2.4360** (NiCu30Fe) | All Forms | --- ### **Product Applications** Monel 400's unique combination of strength and corrosion resistance makes it a material of choice for some of the most challenging environments, particularly in marine and chemical processing. * **Marine Engineering:** * Pump shafts, propeller shafts, and fasteners for ships and offshore platforms. * Seawater cooling systems, heat exchangers, and condenser tubes. * Valve components and fittings for saltwater service. * **Chemical and Hydrocarbon Processing:** * Process vessels, columns, and piping handling chlorinated solvents. * Components exposed to hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and alkaline solutions. * Crude oil distillation towers and feedwater heaters. * **Other Key Applications:** * **Fasteners and Bolting:** For high-corrosion environments where standard steel bolts would fail. * **Springs and Musical Instruments:** Used for its corrosion resistance and non-magnetic properties. * **Water Treatment:** Components in brine and other aggressive water treatment systems. * **Aerospace:** Carburetor parts, fuel tank caps, and other components in aircraft. --- ### **Key Advantages and Characteristics** * **Exceptional Corrosion Resistance:** Superior performance in seawater, brackish water, and a wide range of acids, alkalis, and salts. Resists chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking. * **High Strength:** Maintains good mechanical properties from sub-zero temperatures up to about 540°C (1000°F). * **Ease of Fabrication:** Can be readily welded, brazed, and soldered using standard techniques for nickel alloys. It also possesses good machinability. * **Non-Magnetic:** Essentially non-magnetic at all temperatures up to the Curie point, making it suitable for sensitive electronic applications. * **Proven Track Record:** Monel 400 has been a trusted engineering material for over a century in the most demanding applications. In summary, **Alloy 400 / Monel 400 (UNS N04400)** is a versatile, high-performance nickel-copper alloy that is indispensable in marine, chemical processing, oil & gas, and other industries where superior corrosion resistance and mechanical strength are critical requirements.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1663 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.