Alloy 45,Low expansion 45 Alloy ,,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs:，German Specs:

**PRODUCT DATASHEET: ALLOY 45 / LOW EXPANSION 45 ALLOY** **Controlled Expansion Nickel-Iron Alloy** --- ### **1. OVERVIEW** **Alloy 45**, commercially known as **Low Expansion 45 Alloy**, is a specialized **nickel-iron alloy** containing **45% nickel** that exhibits a uniquely **controlled coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)**, specifically engineered to bridge the thermal expansion gap between standard Alloy 42 and higher nickel alloys. This alloy provides an optimal balance of thermal expansion characteristics and mechanical properties for applications requiring precise thermal management. While not as widely standardized as Alloy 42, it serves specific niche applications in electronics and precision instrumentation. --- ### **2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (Weight %)** | Element | Alloy 45 Specification | Typical Range | |------------------|------------------------|---------------| | **Nickel (Ni)** | 44.0 – 46.0% | 44.5 – 45.5% | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | | **Manganese (Mn)**| 0.30 – 0.70% | 0.40 – 0.60% | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 – 0.30% | 0.20 – 0.25% | | **Carbon (C)** | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.03% | | **Chromium (Cr)**| ≤ 0.15% | ≤ 0.10% | | **Copper (Cu)** | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.03% | | **Aluminum (Al)**| ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.03% | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.015% | ≤ 0.010% | | **Phosphorus (P)**| ≤ 0.015% | ≤ 0.010% | --- ### **3. PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES** | Property | Typical Value (Annealed Condition) | |---------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 6.5 – 7.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20–300°C) | | **Density** | 8.17 g/cm³ | | **Melting Point** | 1425 – 1450°C | | **Tensile Strength** | 550 – 650 MPa | | **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)**| 300 – 400 MPa | | **Elongation (in 2")** | 25 – 35% | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 148 GPa | | **Hardness (Rockwell B)** | 70 – 85 HRB | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.80 μΩ·m | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 15.0 W/m·K | | **Curie Temperature** | 380°C | | **Magnetic Permeability** | < 150 (at 200 Oe) | --- ### **4. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS & EQUIVALENTS** | Standard Organization | Designation & Specification | |-----------------------|----------------------------| | **Proprietary** | Alloy 45, Nilo 45 | | **Custom Standards** | Customer-specific specifications | | **Similar Standards** | Based on ASTM F30 framework | | **European** | Similar to Ni45Fe series | | **Japanese** | Similar to C45N series | --- ### **5. THERMAL EXPANSION CHARACTERISTICS** #### **CTE vs Temperature Range** - **20–100°C**: 6.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C - **20–200°C**: 7.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C - **20–300°C**: 7.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C - **20–400°C**: 9.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C #### **CTE Matching Compatibility** - **Intermediate Glass Types**: Good match for certain technical glasses - **Special Ceramics**: Compatible with selected ceramic compositions - **Aluminum Alloys**: Better match than lower nickel alloys - **Bronze Alloys**: Suitable for certain bronze interfaces --- ### **6. PRODUCT APPLICATIONS** #### **6.1 Electronics & Electrical** - **Specialized Lead Frames**: For specific packaging requirements - **Electronic Connectors**: Where intermediate CTE is advantageous - **Hybrid Circuit Bases**: For specific substrate matching - **Power Device Components**: Thermal management applications #### **6.2 Precision Instruments** - **Measuring Equipment**: Precision scales and standards - **Optical Instruments**: Mounting and alignment components - **Laboratory Apparatus**: Scientific instrument frames - **Metrology Equipment**: Dimensional measurement components #### **6.3 Specialized Sealing** - **Technical Glass Sealing**: For specific glass compositions - **Ceramic-Metal Joints**: Intermediate expansion applications - **Composite Interfaces**: Between low and high expansion materials - **Transition Components**: Bridging different CTE materials #### **6.4 Industrial Applications** - **Thermal Management**: Heat sink and spreader components - **Precision Mechanisms**: Timing devices and control elements - **Sensor Housings**: Temperature compensation applications - **Tooling Components**: Jigs and fixtures requiring thermal stability --- ### **7. AVAILABLE PRODUCT FORMS** - **Sheet & Strip**: 0.05 mm to 6.0 mm thickness - **Plate**: 6.0 mm to 50 mm thickness - **Wire**: 0.10 mm to 6.0 mm diameter - **Rod & Bar**: 3.0 mm to 100 mm diameter - **Custom Shapes**: Precision stamped and formed parts --- ### **8. FABRICATION CHARACTERISTICS** #### **8.1 Machining** - **Machinability**: 30% (compared to free-cutting brass at 100%) - **Recommended Tools**: Carbide with positive rake angles - **Cutting Speed**: 35-55 m/min for turning operations - **Surface Finish**: Good with proper techniques #### **8.2 Forming** - **Deep Drawing**: Good in annealed condition - **Bend Radius**: Minimum 1.5× material thickness - **Springback**: Predictable and consistent - **Work Hardening**: Moderate rate #### **8.3 Joining** - **Welding**: TIG, MIG, resistance welding compatible - **Brazing**: Good with silver-based brazing alloys - **Soldering**: Suitable with proper techniques - **Adhesive Bonding**: Good with surface preparation #### **8.4 Heat Treatment** - **Annealing**: 800–900°C followed by controlled cooling - **Stress Relieving**: 550–650°C for 1–2 hours - **Atmosphere**: Protective atmosphere recommended - **Grain Size**: Controlled for optimal properties --- ### **9. QUALITY ASSURANCE** - **Material Certification**: Customer-specified requirements - **Chemical Analysis**: Spectrographic verification - **Mechanical Testing**: Tensile and hardness certification - **Dimensional Inspection**: Per applicable specifications - **CTE Verification**: Precision dilatometer testing available - **Traceability**: Full material history maintained --- ### **10. TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES** - **Controlled Thermal Expansion**: Intermediate CTE for specific applications - **Good Mechanical Properties**: Balanced strength and ductility - **Excellent Fabricability**: Suitable for various manufacturing processes - **Thermal Stability**: Consistent performance across temperature ranges - **Corrosion Resistance**: Suitable for most industrial environments - **Customizable Properties**: Can be tailored to specific requirements --- **Note:** Alloy 45 is typically supplied against customer-specific requirements rather than standardized specifications. Consultation with our technical team is essential to determine the optimal composition and processing parameters for your specific application. Prototype development and testing services are available for qualification and optimization.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2469 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.