Permalloy, ,,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs:MIL-N-14411 C ASTM A753，German Specs:

### **Permalloy Product Overview** **Permalloy** is a nickel-iron soft magnetic alloy renowned for its extremely high magnetic permeability, low coercivity, and near-zero magnetostriction. This versatile family of alloys offers exceptional magnetic performance for applications requiring sensitive magnetic response and efficient flux conduction. * **Common Names:** Permalloy, High Permeability Nickel-Iron Alloys * **Key Variants:** Permalloy 45, Permalloy 80, Supermalloy, Mumetal --- #### **1. Chemical Composition (Typical Ranges)** | Variant | Ni (%) | Fe (%) | Mo (%) | Cu (%) | Cr (%) | Other | |---------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|-------| | **Permalloy 45** | 45-50 | Balance | - | - | - | Mn, Si | | **Permalloy 80** | 77-83 | Balance | - | 3-5 | - | Mn, Si | | **Supermalloy** | 79-82 | Balance | 4-6 | - | - | Mn, Si | | **Mumetal** | 75-80 | Balance | 4-6 | 3-5 | 1-3 | Mn, Si | --- #### **2. Physical Properties** | Property | Permalloy 45 | Permalloy 80 | Supermalloy | |----------|--------------|--------------|-------------| | **Density (g/cm³)** | 8.17 | 8.74 | 8.77 | | **Melting Point (°C)** | 1420 | 1450 | 1440 | | **Curie Temperature (°C)** | 440 | 460 | 400 | | **Electrical Resistivity (μΩ·m)** | 0.45 | 0.55 | 0.60 | | **Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K)** | 18 | 16 | 15 | | **Thermal Expansion (μm/m·°C)** | 12.0 | 12.5 | 13.0 | --- #### **3. Magnetic Properties** **Exceptional Magnetic Characteristics:** | Property | Permalloy 45 | Permalloy 80 | Supermalloy | |----------|--------------|--------------|-------------| | **Initial Permeability (μi)** | 2,500-4,000 | 20,000-50,000 | 50,000-150,000 | | **Maximum Permeability (μmax)** | 25,000-50,000 | 70,000-150,000 | 200,000-1,000,000 | | **Saturation Induction (T)** | 1.5-1.6 | 0.70-0.82 | 0.65-0.75 | | **Coercive Force (A/m)** | 8-16 | 1.2-2.4 | 0.3-0.8 | | **Residual Induction (T)** | 0.4-0.6 | 0.15-0.30 | 0.08-0.15 | --- #### **4. Mechanical Properties** **Typical Properties in Annealed Condition:** | Property | Permalloy 45 | Permalloy 80 | Supermalloy | |----------|--------------|--------------|-------------| | **Tensile Strength (MPa)** | 480-550 | 470-540 | 460-530 | | **Yield Strength (MPa)** | 250-320 | 240-310 | 230-300 | | **Elongation (%)** | 35-45 | 35-45 | 30-40 | | **Hardness (HRB)** | 65-80 | 63-78 | 60-75 | | **Modulus of Elasticity (GPa)** | 155 | 150 | 145 | --- #### **5. Product Forms & Applications** **Available Forms:** * Sheet & Strip (0.025 mm to 3.0 mm) * Foil (0.006 mm to 0.1 mm) * Rod & Bar (3.0 mm to 150 mm) * Wire (0.05 mm to 6.0 mm) * Powder for MIM * Fabricated Cores & Components **Primary Applications:** **Electronics & Telecommunications:** * **Transformer Cores:** Audio, instrument, pulse transformers * **Magnetic Shields:** CRT displays, sensors, sensitive equipment * **Recording Heads:** Magnetic tape and disk recording heads * **Inductor Cores:** High-Q inductors, choke coils **Aerospace & Defense:** * **Aircraft Instruments:** Flux valves, compass systems * **Radar Components:** Waveguide elements, microwave devices * **Military Electronics:** Communication equipment, sensors **Medical & Scientific:** * **MRI Components:** Magnetic shielding, gradient coils * **Research Instruments:** Magnetometers, particle detectors * **Laboratory Equipment:** Sensitive measurement apparatus **Industrial Applications:** * **Current Sensors:** Zero-flux current transformers * **Proximity Sensors:** Magnetic detection systems * **Power Electronics:** Specialized magnetic components --- #### **6. International Standards** **Major International Specifications:** | Standard Type | Standard Number | Title / Specification | |---------------|----------------|----------------------| | **ASTM** | **ASTM A753** | Standard Specification for Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic Alloys | | **IEC** | **IEC 60404-8-6** | Metallic Magnetic Materials | | **MIL-SPEC** | **MIL-N-14411** | Nickel-Iron Magnetic Alloys | | **AMS** | **AMS 7700-7704** | Aerospace Material Specifications | | **DIN** | **DIN 17745** | Nickel-Iron Alloys with Special Magnetic Properties | | **JIS** | **JIS C 2531** | Soft Magnetic Alloys | **Industry-Specific Standards:** * **IEEE 287:** Precision Instrumentation Applications * **NACE MR0175:** Sour Service Environments * **RoHS/REACH:** Environmental Compliance --- #### **7. Manufacturing & Processing** **Critical Processing Requirements:** * **Heat Treatment:** Hydrogen atmosphere annealing at 1100-1200°C * **Cooling Control:** Controlled cooling rates through Curie temperature * **Stress Management:** Avoidance of mechanical stress after final anneal * **Cleanliness:** High purity processing environments **Fabrication Guidelines:** * **Machining:** Difficult due to work hardening; requires special techniques * **Forming:** Good in annealed condition; re-annealing often required * **Joining:** Soldering preferred; welding degrades magnetic properties * **Handling:** Extreme care to prevent work hardening --- #### **8. Quality Assurance & Testing** **Standard Testing Protocols:** * **Magnetic Testing:** DC and AC magnetic properties * **Metallurgical Analysis:** Grain size, inclusion content * **Dimensional Verification:** Precision thickness and flatness * **Surface Quality:** Visual and microscopic examination * **Electrical Testing:** Resistivity, core loss measurements **Certification Requirements:** * Material Certification to applicable standards * Heat traceability and chemical analysis * Mechanical and magnetic test reports * Process qualification records --- **Summary** **Permalloy** represents a family of premium soft magnetic alloys offering unparalleled magnetic performance for demanding applications. The various compositions within the Permalloy family allow engineers to select optimal materials based on specific requirements for permeability, saturation induction, and magnetostriction. From Permalloy 45's high saturation capability to Supermalloy's extreme permeability, these materials continue to be essential components in advanced electronic, telecommunications, and instrumentation systems worldwide. Compliance with international standards including **ASTM A753** and **IEC 60404-8-6** ensures consistent quality and performance across global supply chains. The specialized processing requirements, particularly the critical hydrogen annealing process, demand sophisticated manufacturing capabilities but yield exceptional magnetic properties that make Permalloy indispensable for applications where magnetic performance cannot be compromised.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2547 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.