Alloy 401,Monel 401 Bar(Round bar, Flat bar),,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs:，German Specs:

**Technical Datasheet: Monel® 401 Bar (Round Bar & Flat Bar) UNS N04401** --- ### **Overview** Monel® 401 Bar (UNS N04401) is a nickel-copper alloy available in both round bar and flat bar forms, specifically engineered for applications requiring controlled thermal expansion characteristics and excellent electrical conductivity. This alloy is particularly valued in electronic and electrical applications where precise dimensional stability and reliable performance are critical. --- ### **Chemical Composition (Weight %)** | Element | Content (%) | Role | |---------|-------------|------| | Nickel (Ni) | 40.0-45.0 | Base element, provides matrix structure | | Copper (Cu) | Balance (~52-57) | Electrical conductivity, strength | | Iron (Fe) | 1.0-2.0 | Strength enhancement | | Manganese (Mn) | 1.5-2.5 | Deoxidizer, improves hot workability | | Silicon (Si) | 0.1-0.5 | Deoxidizer | | Carbon (C) | 0.1-0.25 | Strength enhancement | | Sulfur (S) | ≤0.015 | Controlled impurity | | Magnesium (Mg) | 0.05-0.20 | Desulfurization, grain refinement | --- ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Value | |----------|-------| | Density | 8.83 g/cm³ (0.319 lb/in³) | | Melting Range | 1300-1350°C (2370-2460°F) | | Thermal Conductivity | 25.2 W/m·K (at 20°C) | | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 14.5 μm/m·°C (20-100°C) | | Specific Heat Capacity | 440 J/kg·K | | Electrical Resistivity | 0.49 μΩ·m | | Modulus of Elasticity | 179 GPa (26 × 10⁶ psi) | | Magnetic Permeability | <1.005 (slightly magnetic when cold worked) | --- ### **Mechanical Properties** **Annealed Condition:** - **Tensile Strength**: 480-550 MPa (70-80 ksi) - **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)**: 170-240 MPa (25-35 ksi) - **Elongation**: 35-45% - **Reduction of Area**: 50-60% - **Hardness**: HRB 65-75 **Cold Worked Condition:** - **Tensile Strength**: 620-690 MPa (90-100 ksi) - **Yield Strength**: 480-550 MPa (70-80 ksi) - **Elongation**: 15-25% - **Hardness**: HRB 85-95 --- ### **Special Characteristics** **Thermal Properties:** - Controlled thermal expansion coefficient - Excellent compatibility with glass and ceramics - Stable performance across temperature ranges - Ideal for glass-to-metal seal applications **Electrical Properties:** - High electrical conductivity - Low temperature coefficient of resistance - Consistent electrical characteristics - Suitable for precision electronic components --- ### **Product Applications** **Round Bar Applications:** - Lead frame manufacturing - Connector pins and terminals - Resistance welding electrodes - Valve stems and shafts - Pump rods and components - Fasteners and studs **Flat Bar Applications:** - Electronic component bases - Bus bars and electrical conductors - Support brackets and frames - Heat sink components - Machinery structural parts - Chemical processing equipment **Industry-Specific Applications:** - **Electronics**: Semiconductor components, vacuum tube parts, connector systems - **Electrical**: Switchgear components, circuit breaker parts, transformer parts - **Industrial**: Chemical processing equipment, marine components, pump parts - **Aerospace**: Electronic housings, instrumentation components - **Automotive**: Sensor components, electrical systems --- ### **Fabrication Characteristics** **Machining:** - Good machinability rating - Recommended cutting speeds: 20-35 m/min (65-115 SFM) - Use positive rake angles and sharp tools - Suitable for automatic screw machine operations - Good surface finish achievable **Welding:** - Good weldability using common processes - GTAW (TIG) and GMAW (MIG) recommended - Use matching filler metals - Pre-heat generally not required - Post-weld heat treatment optional **Forming and Hot Working:** - Good cold and hot working characteristics - Hot working temperature: 850-1150°C (1560-2100°F) - Cold working requires intermediate annealing - Suitable for bending, forging, and extrusion --- ### **International Standards** | Standard Organization | Standard Number | Description | |----------------------|-----------------|-------------| | **ASTM** | B164 | Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and Wire | | **ASME** | SB-164 | Code-approved version for pressure applications | | **SAE** | AMS 7232 | Electronic Components, Glass Sealing Alloy | | **UNS** | N04401 | Unified Numbering System | | **DIN** | 2.4360 | Material Number 2.4360 | | **ISO** | 9724 | Nickel alloy bars for general purposes | --- ### **Available Specifications** **Round Bar:** - Diameters: 3 mm to 300 mm (0.125" to 12") - Lengths: 3-6 meters (10-20 feet) standard - Surface: Centerless ground, turned, or hot finished **Flat Bar:** - Thickness: 3 mm to 100 mm (0.125" to 4") - Width: 10 mm to 300 mm (0.375" to 12") - Lengths: Standard and custom lengths available - Edges: Square, rounded, or beveled --- ### **Quality Assurance** - Complete material traceability - Chemical composition certification - Mechanical property testing - Dimensional verification - Surface quality inspection - Heat treatment certification - EN 10204 3.1/3.2 certification available --- ### **Key Advantages** 1. **Precision thermal expansion** for electronic and glass-sealing applications 2. **Excellent electrical conductivity** for electrical components 3. **Good corrosion resistance** in various environments 4. **Superior machinability** for complex component manufacturing 5. **Reliable performance** in specialized industrial applications --- **Notes:** - "Monel" is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation - Store bars in clean, dry conditions to prevent surface contamination - Special handling recommended for electronic grade material - Consult technical experts for specific application requirements *For detailed technical assistance and application engineering support, contact materials engineering specialists.*

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2926 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.